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Morphine and codeine from mammalian brain.

C J Weitz, L I Lowney, K F Faull

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    |December 1, 1986
    PubMed
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    Researchers confirmed morphine and codeine in bovine hypothalamus extracts. Previous findings of other morphinans were identified as contamination artifacts, clarifying the presence of these compounds in the brain.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroendocrinology
    • Biochemistry
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Previous research identified six immunoreactive (ir) morphinans in bovine tissues.
    • One of these was initially identified as morphine.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To re-evaluate the presence and identity of ir morphinans in bovine hypothalamus and adrenal glands, and rat brain.
    • To confirm or refute the presence of previously reported morphinan peaks.

    Main Methods:

    • High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for separation and co-elution analysis.
    • Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for compound identification.
    • Analysis of extracts from bovine hypothalamus, bovine adrenal, and rat brain.

    Main Results:

    Related Experiment Videos

    • Morphine (peak 1) and codeine (peak 4) were consistently identified in bovine hypothalamus.
    • These compounds were also variably present in bovine adrenal and rat brain extracts.
    • Previously reported peaks 2, 3, and 6 were confirmed to be contamination artifacts.

    Conclusions:

    • Morphine and codeine are endogenous compounds present in the bovine hypothalamus.
    • The study refines the understanding of morphinan distribution in mammalian tissues.
    • Elimination of artifactual peaks provides a more accurate biochemical profile.