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Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
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Antimicrobial Proteins

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Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
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Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

High-throughput Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Determining Expression Profiles of Types I and III Interferon Subtypes
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[Type I interferons].

S Delhaye1, S Paul1, C Sommereyns1

  • 1Université catholique de Louvain et Institut Christian de Duve de pathologie cellulaire, Unité Mipa-Viro 74-49, 74 av. Hippocrate, B-1200, Bruxelles.

Virologie (Montrouge, France)
|October 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Type I interferons (IFN) are crucial cytokines with antiviral and immune-modulating functions. Viruses often evolve mechanisms to evade the potent IFN response, highlighting the ongoing immune system battle.

Keywords:
Tolllike receptorantiviral defenceinnate immunitytype I interferonvirus

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology

Context:

  • Type I interferons (IFN), including IFNa and IFN-b, are key cytokines involved in host defense.
  • IFNs exhibit potent antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory activities.
  • Their expression is triggered by viral infections detected through cellular sensors like helicases and toll-like receptors.

Purpose:

  • To summarize the multifaceted roles of Type I interferons (IFN) in the immune response.
  • To highlight the mechanisms of IFN induction and signaling.
  • To underscore the evolutionary arms race between IFNs and viral evasion strategies.

Summary:

  • Type I interferons (IFN) are cytokines that play a critical role in innate immunity against viral infections.
  • Upon viral detection, cells transcribe and secrete IFNs, which bind to receptors and induce antiviral gene expression.
  • Despite their potent effects, viruses have developed sophisticated strategies to antagonize the IFN pathway.

Impact:

  • Understanding IFN function is vital for developing therapies against viral diseases, cancers, and autoimmune disorders like multiple sclerosis.
  • Elucidating IFN-virus interactions can lead to novel antiviral strategies.
  • This knowledge contributes to the broader fields of immunology and molecular biology.