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Complementary Food Ingredients Alter Infant Gut Microbiome Composition and Metabolism In Vitro.

Shanthi G Parkar1, Doug I Rosendale1, Halina M Stoklosinski1

  • 1The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.

Microorganisms
|October 23, 2021
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Summary

Thirty-two food ingredients were tested for their prebiotic potential in infant gut models. Many ingredients, including milk powder, oats, and spinach, positively modulated gut bacteria and metabolism, supporting infant gut health.

Keywords:
SCFAsbaby foodsgut microbiomeinfant complementary feedinginfant complementary foodsinfant solid foodsshort-chain fatty acids

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The infant gut microbiome plays a crucial role in health and development.
  • Understanding the impact of early nutrition on the gut microbiome is essential for designing optimal infant diets.
  • Prebiotics are known to modulate gut microbiota composition and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the prebiotic potential of 32 diverse food ingredients on the developing infant gut microbiome.
  • To assess the impact of these ingredients on short-chain fatty-acid (SCFA) production and bacterial metabolism.
  • To identify specific food ingredients that can promote beneficial gut bacteria in infants.

Main Methods:

  • An in vitro model simulating infant gastroileal digestion and colonic fermentation was employed.
  • 32 food ingredients were incubated with the model system.
  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze changes in bacterial community composition.
  • Short-chain fatty-acid (SCFA) metabolite concentrations were measured.

Main Results:

  • Significant alterations in SCFA metabolite concentrations confirmed the capacity of tested ingredients to stimulate bacterial metabolism.
  • 16S rRNA sequencing revealed increases in beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae, and Lactobacillaceae.
  • Specific ingredients like infant whole-milk powder and oat flour promoted Bifidobacteriaceae and lactic acid bacteria.
  • New Zealand spinach powder enhanced Prevotellaceae and Lachnospiraceae, while fruit and vegetable powders fostered a mixed beneficial microbiota.
  • A consistent decrease in pathogenic Clostridium perfringens was observed across all tested food ingredients.

Conclusions:

  • The tested food ingredients possess prebiotic potential, capable of modulating infant gut microbiome composition and metabolism in vitro.
  • Specific ingredients can selectively promote beneficial bacterial groups crucial for infant gut health.
  • This research supports the development of complementary foods designed to support both infant growth and gut microbiome maturation.