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Preparation of Acyclovir-Containing Solid Foam by Ultrasonic Batch Technology.

Ádám Haimhoffer1,2,3, Ferenc Fenyvesi1, István Lekli4

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Researchers developed a stable solid foam formulation for enhanced drug delivery. This innovative approach improves drug bioavailability and prolongs gastric residence time for sustained release, overcoming previous stability challenges in pharmaceutical foams.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Technology
  • Materials Science
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Solid foams are increasingly used across industries, including aerospace and everyday applications.
  • Foams show promise as pharmaceutical dosage forms, potentially enhancing drug bioavailability and enabling sustained drug release through increased gastric residence time.
  • However, the pharmaceutical application of foams is limited by the instability of their solid structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a stable, floating solid foam formulation for improved oral drug delivery.
  • To investigate the potential of ultrasonic homogenization for creating stable pharmaceutical foams without surfactants.
  • To evaluate the drug release and mucoadhesive properties of the developed foam formulation.

Main Methods:

  • A matrix of polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000) and stearic acid type 50 was selected based on low gastric irritation and a melting range below 70 °C.
  • The active substance was dispersed in the melted matrix at 54 °C and foamed using different gases at atmospheric pressure via ultrasonic homogenization.
  • Foam density was measured using the pycnometer method, and structure was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).

Main Results:

  • A stable solid foam structure was successfully produced using rapid homogenization (under 1 minute) without the need for any surfactant materials.
  • The developed foam formulation demonstrated prolonged drug release characteristics.
  • Significant mucoadhesive properties were observed for the foam in a pH 1.2 buffer solution.

Conclusions:

  • Rapid ultrasonic homogenization is an effective method for producing stable solid pharmaceutical foams.
  • The developed stable floating foam formulation offers potential for enhanced drug bioavailability and sustained drug release.
  • This approach overcomes the limitations of structural instability in traditional pharmaceutical foams, paving the way for advanced drug delivery systems.