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Related Concept Videos

The Pituitary Gland01:17

The Pituitary Gland

7.7K
The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.
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Psychosurgery01:30

Psychosurgery

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Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...
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Hormones of the Pituitary Gland01:27

Hormones of the Pituitary Gland

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The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

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Pituitary Surgery.

Pietro Mortini1, Luigi Albano2, Lina Raffaella Barzaghi1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery and Gamma Knife Radiosurgery, I.R.C.C.S. San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy.

Presse Medicale (Paris, France : 1983)
|October 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transsphenoidal surgery is a primary treatment for most pituitary tumors, but complex cases may require transcranial approaches. Multimodal therapy, including surgery, radiation, and medical treatment, offers optimal outcomes, especially at specialized centers.

Keywords:
Pituitary surgeryPituitary tumorsRadiosurgeryTranscranial approachTranssphenoidal approach

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Pituitary tumors are typically treated with surgery, primarily the transsphenoidal approach, for pathological analysis and tumor removal.
  • Transcranial approaches are reserved for specific cases like giant pituitary adenomas and craniopharyngiomas.

Observation:

  • Surgical treatment of pituitary tumors is complex due to anatomical location and tumor histology, posing risks to critical structures.
  • Current treatment paradigms (as of 2020) emphasize a multimodal approach, integrating surgery, radiosurgery, radiation therapy, and medical management.

Findings:

  • Advancements in intraoperative imaging and increased use of radiosurgery are emerging trends.
  • Specialized Pituitary Tumor Centers of Excellence (PTCOE) demonstrate superior outcomes in tumor resection, hormonal correction, and complication rates.

Implications:

  • Establishing PTCOEs is crucial for optimizing patient treatment and outcomes.
  • Technological innovations are expected to play an increasingly significant role in the future management of pituitary tumors.