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Related Concept Videos

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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Conduction System of the Heart01:20

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The cardiac conduction system produces and transmits electrical impulses that prompt myocardial contraction, ensuring efficient heart function. This intricate system ensures that the heart beats in a coordinated and efficient manner, beginning with the atria and then the ventricles. The conduction system optimizes cardiac output by maintaining this precise sequence, which is crucial for adequate blood circulation.
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Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Development of the Heart01:27

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The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
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Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease
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Congenital Heart Block.

Leonard Steinberg1

  • 1Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Heart Center, Ascension St. Vincent, 8333 Naab Rd, Ste 320, Indianapolis, IN 46260, USA.

Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics
|October 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Congenital complete heart block (CCHB) is an early-life heart rhythm issue. Early diagnosis and pacemaker implantation are crucial for managing CCHB and preventing severe complications.

Keywords:
Atrioventricular blockCardiomyopathyCongenital heart blockHeart blockPacemakerPreventionStructural heart diseaseTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Genetics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Congenital complete heart block (CCHB) involves atrioventricular conduction abnormalities present from birth or early infancy.
  • Maternal autoimmune diseases and congenital heart defects are primary etiologies.
  • Advances in genetics are elucidating the underlying mechanisms of CCHB.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms, natural history, evaluation, and treatment of CCHB.
  • To highlight the role of genetic discoveries in understanding CCHB.
  • To discuss the potential of hydroxychloroquine in preventing autoimmune-associated CCHB.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of congenital complete heart block.
  • Analysis of genetic findings related to CCHB.
  • Evaluation of treatment strategies, including pacemaker implantation and potential pharmacologic interventions.

Main Results:

  • CCHB is associated with maternal autoimmune disease and congenital heart defects.
  • Genetic factors play a significant role in CCHB development.
  • Hydroxychloroquine demonstrates potential in preventing autoimmune CCHB.
  • Symptomatic bradycardia and cardiomyopathy are potential complications requiring pacemaker placement.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding CCHB mechanisms, natural history, and risk factors is essential.
  • Pacemaker implantation is critical for managing symptomatic CCHB patients.
  • Further research into hydroxychloroquine's efficacy in preventing autoimmune CCHB is warranted.