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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 15, 2025

A Guide to Concentration Alternating Frequency Response Analysis of Fuel Cells

A Guide to Concentration Alternating Frequency Response Analysis of Fuel Cells

Published on: December 11, 2019

Air-flow control in fuel cells using delay-based load governor and feedforward augmented dynamic inversion.

Abdel Gafoor Haddad¹, Igor Boiko¹, Ahmed Al-Durra²

¹Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

ISA Transactions

|October 25, 2021

Summary

Sudden electric vehicle load changes can cause oxygen starvation in fuel cell cathodes. This study designs an air flow controller to replenish oxygen, improving the oxygen excess ratio (OER) response and reducing recovery time.

Keywords:

Control scheduling Dynamic feedforward Dynamic inversion Fuel cell Oxygen starvation

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Last Updated: Oct 15, 2025

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Combustion Characterization and Model Fuel Development for Micro-tubular Flame-assisted Fuel Cells

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Published on: October 2, 2016

Area of Science:

Engineering
Electrochemistry
Control Systems

Background:

Electric vehicles (EVs) experience sudden load changes, depleting cathode oxygen in fuel cell systems (FCS).
Oxygen starvation in FCS can lead to performance degradation and reduced lifespan.
Maintaining adequate oxygen levels is critical for stable FCS operation.

Purpose of the Study:

To design an effective air flow controller for FCS to mitigate oxygen depletion.
To improve the oxygen excess ratio (OER) response during dynamic load conditions.
To ensure the physical realizability of the control system.

Main Methods:

Dynamic inversion control strategy for feed-forward compensation of load current disturbances.
Augmentation by delay to address improper and unrealizable inverted dynamics.
Linearization of the FCS plant at various operating points and controller design with interpolation.

Main Results:

The proposed controller successfully replenishes depleted oxygen, preventing oxygen starvation.
A significant improvement in OER response was observed, meeting operational constraints.
The controller reduced the recovery time after load transients.

Conclusions:

The designed air flow controller effectively manages oxygen levels in FCS under dynamic EV loads.
The augmentation by delay technique ensures a physically realizable and robust control system.
This approach enhances FCS performance and reliability in electric vehicle applications.