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Reflective mirror-based line-scan adaptive optics OCT for imaging retinal structure and function.

Vimal Prabhu Pandiyan1,2,3, Xiaoyun Jiang1,2, James A Kuchenbecker1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.

Biomedical Optics Express
|October 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents an advanced line-scan optical coherence tomography (OCT) system with adaptive optics (AO) for detailed in vivo retinal imaging. It achieves cellular-level resolution, enabling new insights into retinal structure and function, including cone photoreceptor density.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Optical Imaging

Background:

  • Adaptive optics (AO) combined with line-scan optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides high-resolution, high-speed, and sensitive in vivo imaging of retinal structure and function.
  • Previous implementations have limitations for specific imaging tasks like optoretinography or imaging weak retinal reflections at the cellular level.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To implement and validate a novel line-scan OCT system with adaptive optics using reflective mirror-based afocal telescopes.
  • To optimize the system for imaging light-induced retinal activity (optoretinography) and cellular-scale weak retinal reflections.
  • To demonstrate high-resolution imaging of retinal structure and function in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • A non-planar optical design was employed, tailored for line-scan geometry.
  • Zemax optical design software was used to model the illumination/sample, detection, and reference beam paths for diffraction-limited performance.
  • The system was tested on human observers for imaging retinal structure and light-evoked functional changes.

Main Results:

  • Cellular-scale visualization of retinal ganglion cells, macrophages, foveal cones, and rods was achieved in human observers.
  • Light-evoked optical changes in foveal cone photoreceptors were resolved, with sufficient resolution for spectral classification.
  • The first in vivo demonstration of reduced S-cone density in the human foveola was reported, consistent with ex vivo findings.

Conclusions:

  • The developed line-scan OCT system with AO offers high resolution for imaging retinal structure and function in vivo.
  • This technology holds significant potential for advancing basic science research and translational applications in ophthalmology.
  • The system enables novel in vivo studies of retinal physiology and pathology at the cellular level.