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Sarcina ventriculi a rare pathogen.

Luciano Paludo Marcelino1, Dirceu Felipe Valentini2, Simone Márcia Dos Santos Machado3

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Sarcina ventriculi is a gram-positive bacterium known for surviving extreme low pH environments.
  • Historically rare, Sarcina ventriculi has been linked to severe gastrointestinal issues and mortality in veterinary medicine, particularly ruminants.
  • Its pathogenicity in humans remains incompletely understood, though it is associated with gastric emptying issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report two distinct human cases of Sarcina ventriculi infection.
  • To review the literature and assess trends in Sarcina ventriculi infections.
  • To contribute to understanding the clinical significance of Sarcina ventriculi in human medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of Sarcina ventriculi in gastric biopsy specimens using hematoxylin-eosin staining.
  • Clinical case reporting of two patients with Sarcina ventriculi.
  • Comprehensive literature review of reported Sarcina ventriculi cases.

Main Results:

  • Two human cases of Sarcina ventriculi were identified in gastric specimens.
  • Case 1: A young female experienced gastric perforation, cardiac arrest, and death.
  • Case 2: An adult male with gastric adenocarcinoma was identified with Sarcina ventriculi.
  • Literature review revealed 45 reported cases, with a notable increase since 2010.

Conclusions:

  • Sarcina ventriculi can be identified in human gastric specimens.
  • The bacterium is associated with severe outcomes, including gastric perforation and death, as well as co-occurrence with gastric adenocarcinoma.
  • A recent surge in reported cases suggests a potential increase in incidence or recognition of Sarcina ventriculi infections.