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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Obesity, Senescence, and Senolytics.

Selim Chaib1, Tamara Tchkonia1, James L Kirkland2

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|October 26, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obesity increases harmful senescent cells, contributing to age-related diseases. Eliminating these cells with senolytics may prevent or treat obesity-related organ dysfunction.

Keywords:
Adipose tissueCellular senescenceObesitySASPSenolytics

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Obesity is a significant risk factor for numerous comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases.
  • Increased cellular senescence in adipose tissue and other organs is associated with the onset of obesity.
  • Cellular senescence, a stress response, is causally linked to aging and age-related diseases like obesity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of cellular senescence in obesity and its associated pathologies.
  • To explore the potential of senolytic therapies in managing obesity and related organ dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of senescent cell accumulation in obesity models.
  • Assessment of the senescence-associated-secretory phenotype (SASP) in obese tissues.
  • Evaluation of senolytic drug efficacy in preclinical models of obesity-related dysfunction.

Main Results:

  • Obesity is characterized by an increased burden of senescent cells in key organs.
  • The senescence-associated-secretory phenotype contributes to a chronic inflammatory state in obesity.
  • Pharmacological elimination of senescent cells (senolytics) demonstrated potential in mitigating obesity-related organ dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular senescence is a key driver of obesity-related comorbidities.
  • Targeting senescent cells with senolytics offers a promising therapeutic strategy for obesity and age-related diseases.