Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

356
The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
356
Organization of the Brain01:30

Organization of the Brain

1.5K
The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...
1.5K
Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions01:30

Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions

3.3K
The diencephalon, etymologically translated as 'through brain,' plays an integral role as the conduit between the cerebrum and the vast extent of the nervous system. However, the olfactory system is an exception, as it interfaces directly with the cerebrum. The diencephalon, deeply ensconced beneath the cerebrum, primarily consists of three paired structures — the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithelamus. It also includes accessory structures such as the subthalamus, which houses the...
3.3K
Lobes of the Cerebrum01:22

Lobes of the Cerebrum

2.1K
The cerebral cortex, a critical structure of the brain, is intricately divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four distinct lobes: occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal. These lobes function cooperatively to regulate various cognitive and sensory functions, forming the basis of our complex neural capabilities.
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobes, located behind the forehead, are the command center of our brain, controlling personality, intelligence, and voluntary muscle movements....
2.1K
Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System01:15

Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System

4.3K
The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
4.3K
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

5.1K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
5.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

On the role of the insula cortex in inhibitory control: insights from alpha and theta directed connectivity dynamics.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2025
Same author

Chronic alcohol-induced brain states limit propagation of direct cortical stimulation.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Distinct Alpha Connectivity Patterns During Response Inhibition in Alcohol Use Disorder.

Human brain mapping·2025
Same author

Metacontrol is reflected in phasic but not tonic cognitive control dynamics.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Uncertainty, Cognitive Control and Theta-Band Activity: A Relationship That Depends on Metacontrol Requirements.

Human brain mapping·2025
Same author

The Dynamic Management of Working Memory Is Supported by Aperiodic Neural Activity.

Psychophysiology·2025
Same journal

Repeated insertions at positions 261-280 in KPC-2 highlight a ceftazidime-avibactam resistance hotspot.

iScience·2026
Same journal

ROS inhibits microtubule dynamics and cell growth heterogeneity during Arabidopsis sepal morphogenesis.

iScience·2026
Same journal

Type 1 diabetes alters early macrophage-<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> transcriptional coordination during infection.

iScience·2026
Same journal

Association of estimated pulse wave velocity with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in multiple cohorts.

iScience·2026
Same journal

Effect of rolling surface texture on bearing friction pairs lubrication.

iScience·2026
Same journal

Whole blood exchange-lymphoplasmapheresis combined transfusion as an immunotherapy in systemic lupus erythematosus.

iScience·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Creating Avian Forebrain Chimeras to Assess Facial Development
04:10

Creating Avian Forebrain Chimeras to Assess Facial Development

Published on: February 18, 2021

1.3K

A hierarchical processing unit for multi-component behavior in the avian brain.

Noemi Rook1, John Michael Tuff1,2, Julian Packheiser1

  • 1Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.

Iscience
|October 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pigeons and humans exhibit comparable multi-component behavior, a complex goal-directed action. Research identified the avian nidopallium intermedium medialis pars laterale (NIML) as crucial for this behavior, similar to the human inferior frontal gyrus.

Keywords:
Behavioral neuroscienceBiological sciencesCognitive neuroscienceNeuroscience

More Related Videos

Slicing the Embryonic Chicken Auditory Brainstem to Evaluate Tonotopic Gradients and Microcircuits
08:24

Slicing the Embryonic Chicken Auditory Brainstem to Evaluate Tonotopic Gradients and Microcircuits

Published on: July 12, 2022

2.2K
Microdissection of Mouse Brain into Functionally and Anatomically Different Regions
08:06

Microdissection of Mouse Brain into Functionally and Anatomically Different Regions

Published on: February 15, 2021

50.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Creating Avian Forebrain Chimeras to Assess Facial Development
04:10

Creating Avian Forebrain Chimeras to Assess Facial Development

Published on: February 18, 2021

1.3K
Slicing the Embryonic Chicken Auditory Brainstem to Evaluate Tonotopic Gradients and Microcircuits
08:24

Slicing the Embryonic Chicken Auditory Brainstem to Evaluate Tonotopic Gradients and Microcircuits

Published on: July 12, 2022

2.2K
Microdissection of Mouse Brain into Functionally and Anatomically Different Regions
08:06

Microdissection of Mouse Brain into Functionally and Anatomically Different Regions

Published on: February 15, 2021

50.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Comparative Cognition
  • Behavioral Biology

Background:

  • Multi-component behavior, essential for goal-directed actions, involves precise sequencing of responses.
  • Understanding the neural basis of complex behaviors in non-mammalian species is limited.
  • Cross-species comparisons are vital for elucidating conserved neural mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare multi-component behavior performance between humans and pigeons.
  • To identify the neural correlates of multi-component behavior in pigeons using molecular imaging.
  • To investigate potential homologous brain regions involved in hierarchical processing.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a validated experimental approach for cross-species behavioral comparisons.
  • Utilized molecular imaging techniques to monitor brain activity in pigeons during behavioral tasks.
  • Analyzed the correlation between neural activity and behavioral efficiency.

Main Results:

  • Pigeons demonstrated performance levels in multi-component behavior comparable to humans.
  • Activity in the nidopallium intermedium medialis pars laterale (NIML) was specifically predictive of behavioral efficiency.
  • NIML activity uniquely correlated with the successful execution of multi-component behavior.

Conclusions:

  • The avian NIML plays a critical role in hierarchical processing during goal-directed behavior.
  • NIML shares functional similarities with the human inferior frontal gyrus in mediating multi-component behavior.
  • This study provides a framework for cross-species investigation of complex cognitive functions.