Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

4.3K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
4.3K
Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

5.9K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
5.9K
Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

315
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
315
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

7.1K
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
7.1K
The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic01:25

The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic

7.5K
In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
7.5K
The Availability Heuristic01:08

The Availability Heuristic

6.6K
A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
6.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Critical Examination of the Usefulness of Taxonomies for Comparing Cognitive Functions Across Sports.

European journal of sport science·2026
Same author

Indigenized Science.

Journal of sport & exercise psychology·2026
Same author

Risky Moves: Faster Movements Increase Perceived Thought Speed, but Do Not Lead to Riskier Behaviour on the Ballon Analogue Risk Task.

Perceptual and motor skills·2026
Same author

Specifying the Cardio-Respiratory Patterns During Fast-Paced Breathing.

Psychophysiology·2026
Same author

Toward a unified vocabulary for embodiment research challenges and solutions.

NPJ science of learning·2026
Same author

PSE 25th Anniversary Editorial.

Psychology of sport and exercise·2026
Same journal

Mind wandering during first- and foreign-language reading.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2026
Same journal

Lexical word processing is unaffected by rapid invisible frequency tagging in reading: Evidence from eye movements.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2026
Same journal

Anxiety modulates voluntary attentional orienting to emotional gaze cues: Eye movements for pro- and anti-saccades.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2026
Same journal

Faster key-press responses to front vowels than back vowels when matching heard vowels with represented vowels.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2026
Same journal

Testing the interleaving effect without response bias: A forced-choice reevaluation of Kornell and Bjork (2008).

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2026
Same journal

The impact of social interaction on abstract concepts.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents
07:05

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents

Published on: September 10, 2018

6.1K

Experts use base rates in real-world sequential decisions.

Daniel Link1, Markus Raab2,3

  • 1Department of Exercise Science and Sports Informatics, Technical University Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60/62, 80992, Munich, Germany. daniel.link@tum.de.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|October 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Expert athletes in beach volleyball use base rates in sequential decisions, unlike novices in lab settings. Real-world, sequential decision-making reveals adaptive strategy use based on opponent performance.

Keywords:
Base rateChoiceHot handSport

More Related Videos

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
13:04

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

12.2K
An Automated T-maze Based Apparatus and Protocol for Analyzing Delay- and Effort-based Decision Making in Free Moving Rodents
07:42

An Automated T-maze Based Apparatus and Protocol for Analyzing Delay- and Effort-based Decision Making in Free Moving Rodents

Published on: August 2, 2018

13.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents
07:05

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents

Published on: September 10, 2018

6.1K
Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
13:04

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

12.2K
An Automated T-maze Based Apparatus and Protocol for Analyzing Delay- and Effort-based Decision Making in Free Moving Rodents
07:42

An Automated T-maze Based Apparatus and Protocol for Analyzing Delay- and Effort-based Decision Making in Free Moving Rodents

Published on: August 2, 2018

13.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Behavioral economics
  • Sports science

Background:

  • Human decision-making is often characterized by cognitive biases, such as base-rate neglect.
  • Base-rate neglect occurs when individuals disregard general statistical information in favor of specific, often irrelevant, case information.
  • Laboratory studies frequently show base-rate neglect, leading to questions about its real-world applicability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether expert decision-makers utilize base rates in real-world, sequential decision tasks.
  • To compare decision-making strategies in laboratory versus naturalistic settings.
  • To identify conditions under which base-rate use emerges in expert behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of sequential serving decisions in over 1,300 professional beach volleyball games.
  • Observational study of expert athletes' strategic choices during gameplay.
  • Statistical modeling to identify decision thresholds and strategy adaptation.

Main Results:

  • Expert beach volleyball players demonstrated sensitivity to base rates when making serving decisions.
  • Player strategies adapted based on opponent performance, indicating sophisticated use of statistical information.
  • A specific performance threshold was identified at which players shifted to a base-rate-informed strategy.

Conclusions:

  • The use of base rates is evident in expert decision-making within real-world, sequential contexts.
  • Laboratory findings of base-rate neglect may not generalize to expert behavior in naturalistic settings.
  • Future research should focus on the contextual factors influencing the application of base rates in decision-making.