Machine-Learning-Enabled Prediction of Adiabatic Temperature Change in Lead-Free BaTiO₃-Based Electrocaloric Ceramics

In this paper, we develop a data-driven machine learning (ML) approach to predict the adiabatic temperature change (ΔT) in BaTiO₃-based ceramics as a function of chemical composition, temperature, and applied electric field. The data set was curated from a survey of published electrocaloric measurements. Each chemical composition was represented by elemental descriptors of A-site and B-site elements. Pair-wise statistical correlation analysis was used to remove linearly correlated descriptors. We trained two separate regression-based ML models for indirect and direct measurements and found that both are capable of capturing the general trend of the temperature vs ΔT curve for various applied electric fields. We then complemented the regression models with a classification learning model that predicts the expected phase as a function of chemical composition and temperature. The combined regression and classification learning ML models predict a global maxima in ΔT near rhombohedral to cubic or tetragonal to cubic phase transition regions. An interactive, open source web application is developed to enable interested users to query our trained models and accelerate the design of novel BaTiO₃-based ceramics with targeted phase and ΔT properties for electrocaloric applications.