Barrett's Esophagus: Diagnosis, Management, and Key Updates

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Oncology
• Medical Technology

Background:

• Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a known precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC).
• Current screening and surveillance methods for BE have not significantly reduced EAC incidence.
• Advancements in diagnostic technologies are crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current and emerging strategies for BE screening and surveillance.
• To discuss the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in endoscopic procedures for BE.
• To outline current management guidelines for BE with dysplasia and early EAC.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on BE screening and surveillance techniques.
• Analysis of emerging noninvasive diagnostic methods for BE.
• Evaluation of AI applications in endoscopy for BE detection and management.

Main Results:

• Noninvasive techniques for BE screening are becoming more available.
• AI platforms are poised to enhance endoscopic screening and surveillance, reducing missed diagnoses.
• Established endoscopic eradication therapy is the preferred treatment for high-grade dysplasia and intramucosal EAC.

Conclusions:

• Despite challenges, advancements in noninvasive screening and AI-assisted endoscopy offer improved prospects for BE detection.
• Management strategies vary based on dysplasia grade, with endoscopic therapy favored for high-grade lesions and early EAC.
• Continued research and integration of new technologies are essential for reducing EAC burden.