Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Pituitary Gland01:17

The Pituitary Gland

7.7K
The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.
7.7K
Hormones of the Pituitary Gland01:27

Hormones of the Pituitary Gland

7.4K
The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...
7.4K
Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

952
Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
952
Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

2.0K
Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
2.0K
The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

2.8K
The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
2.8K
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

460
Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
460

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Search for QCD Coupled Axion Dark Matter with Data from the MICROSCOPE Space Experiment.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Assessment of monocular human pose estimation models for clinical movement analysis.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Prolonged IL-33 Exposure Switches the Secreted Mast Cell Cytokine Profile From Pro-Inflammatory to Pro-Tolerant.

Allergy·2025
Same author

Real-world evidence on palmoplantar pustulosis: patient characteristics, diagnostic challenges and predictive factors for treatment survival - a retrospective registry study.

The British journal of dermatology·2025
Same author

Impact of a shoulder exosuit on range of motion, endurance, and task execution in users with neurological impairments.

Wearable technologies·2025
Same author

Hippocrates, Galen, and the patient with epilepsy. Some new perspectives on the old masters.

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B·2025
Same journal

Artificial Intelligence in medical research and publishing: progress, risks, and future perspectives.

Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983)·2026
Same journal

Ethical, legal, and regulatory challenges in AI-based healthcare tools.

Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983)·2026
Same journal

Decision-making for clinicians.

Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983)·2026
Same journal

Beyond one-size-fits-all: Personalising health communication to drive real behaviour change.

Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983)·2026
Same journal

Metacognition and post-decisional processing in clinical decision-making.

Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983)·2026
Same journal

Fast-and-frugal decision trees for clinicians.

Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

19.1K

Clinically non-functioning pituitary adenomas.

Philippe Chanson1, Peter Wolf2

  • 1Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.

Presse Medicale (Paris, France : 1983)
|October 31, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Clinically non functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are diagnosed by mass effects and often cause pituitary insufficiencies. Surgery is the primary treatment, with watchful waiting for residual tumors to avoid radiotherapy complications.

Keywords:
Gonadotroph adenomasMass effectNeurosurgeryNon functioning pituitary adenomasPituitary incidentalomasRadiotherapy

More Related Videos

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis Coupled with Mass Spectrometry Methods for an Analysis of Human Pituitary Adenoma Tissue Proteome
12:34

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis Coupled with Mass Spectrometry Methods for an Analysis of Human Pituitary Adenoma Tissue Proteome

Published on: April 2, 2018

13.6K
Development of Organoids from Mouse Pituitary as In Vitro Model to Explore Pituitary Stem Cell Biology
09:48

Development of Organoids from Mouse Pituitary as In Vitro Model to Explore Pituitary Stem Cell Biology

Published on: February 25, 2022

4.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

19.1K
Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis Coupled with Mass Spectrometry Methods for an Analysis of Human Pituitary Adenoma Tissue Proteome
12:34

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis Coupled with Mass Spectrometry Methods for an Analysis of Human Pituitary Adenoma Tissue Proteome

Published on: April 2, 2018

13.6K
Development of Organoids from Mouse Pituitary as In Vitro Model to Explore Pituitary Stem Cell Biology
09:48

Development of Organoids from Mouse Pituitary as In Vitro Model to Explore Pituitary Stem Cell Biology

Published on: February 25, 2022

4.3K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Clinically non functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) lack hormonal activity and are diagnosed via mass effect symptoms or incidentally.
  • NFPAs often present with headaches, visual impairment, or pituitary apoplexy, and frequently lead to pituitary insufficiencies.
  • Histopathological analysis reveals that most NFPAs are of the gonadotroph type.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic and management strategies for clinically non functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs).
  • To emphasize the role of surgical resection and the indications for observation or radiotherapy in NFPA management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, and treatment outcomes for NFPAs.
  • Surgical resection, predominantly via trans-sphenoidal approach, is highlighted as the primary intervention.
  • Management of residual tumors, including watchful waiting and selective radiotherapy, is discussed.

Main Results:

  • Surgery, particularly trans-sphenoidal resection by experienced neurosurgeons, offers the best chance for complete tumor removal and complication minimization.
  • Watchful waiting is preferred for persistent tumor remnants if they are stable and do not threaten optic pathways.
  • Radiotherapy is reserved for cases of tumor regrowth or recurrence due to potential side effects.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical expertise is crucial for optimal outcomes in NFPA management.
  • Conservative management (watchful waiting) is favored over routine radiotherapy for residual NFPAs.
  • Predicting recurrence risk for NFPAs post-resection remains challenging, necessitating careful follow-up.