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Development of gastrointestinal function and selected dysfunctions

W A Walker

    Mead Johnson Symposium on Perinatal and Developmental Medicine
    |January 1, 1977
    PubMed

    Insights

    Neonatal gastrointestinal development is crucial for effective enteric nutrition. Further human studies are needed to understand and improve infant feeding practices, particularly for premature infants experiencing common issues like regurgitation.

    Area of Science:

    • Neonatal Physiology
    • Gastrointestinal Development
    • Pediatric Nutrition

    Background:

    • Effective enteric feeding is vital for neonatal nutrition, especially in premature infants.
    • Understanding gastrointestinal (GI) development is key to optimizing nutritional support.
    • Regurgitation is a common challenge in premature infants, linked to GI developmental stages.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review current knowledge on general GI development in neonates.
    • To update on specific GI functions essential for effective enteric nutrition.
    • To identify areas requiring further research in human perinatal GI studies.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of existing studies on neonatal gastrointestinal function.
    • Analysis of factors influencing the development of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and gastric emptying.
    • Examination of factors promoting intestinal surface maturation and motility.

    Main Results:

    • Developmental aspects of the LES and gastric emptying are linked to regurgitation in premature infants.
    • Factors influencing intestinal surface maturation, including colostral stimulation, were reviewed.
    • Maturation of intestinal motility and anal rectal tone were considered.

    Conclusions:

    • Significant knowledge gaps exist regarding human perinatal GI development.
    • Further ethically approved human studies are essential to advance neonatal nutrition and feeding practices.
    • Understanding GI maturation is critical for managing feeding issues in neonates.

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