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Related Concept Videos

Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
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The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

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Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
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The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

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The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
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Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

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Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
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Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

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Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
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Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification
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[Poliovirus and apoptosis].

B Blondel1, A Autret1, S Martin-Latil1

  • 1Laboratoire des virus entérotropes et stratégies antivirales.

Virologie (Montrouge, France)
|November 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Poliovirus causes paralytic poliomyelitis by destroying motor neurons. This review explores poliovirus-induced apoptosis and its role in central nervous system injury, highlighting the function of the CD155 receptor.

Keywords:
CD155apoptosispoliovirus

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Area of Science:

  • Neurovirology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Context:

  • Poliovirus is the causative agent of paralytic poliomyelitis, a disease characterized by flaccid paralysis.
  • Motor neuron destruction in the central nervous system (CNS) is the hallmark of poliovirus infection.
  • Recent advancements in animal and cell models facilitate molecular-level investigations into poliomyelitis pathogenesis.

Purpose:

  • To review the molecular biology of poliovirus and the pathogenesis of poliomyelitis.
  • To examine models of poliovirus-induced apoptosis in the context of CNS injury.
  • To address the role of the poliovirus receptor, CD155, in modulating apoptosis.

Summary:

  • Poliovirus infection leads to motor neuron destruction and paralysis.
  • Poliovirus-induced apoptosis is a key mechanism contributing to CNS tissue damage and paralysis in infected mice.
  • The cellular receptor CD155 plays a role in regulating apoptosis during poliovirus infection.

Impact:

  • Provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying poliomyelitis.
  • Highlights the significance of apoptosis in viral-induced neurodegeneration.
  • Informs potential therapeutic strategies targeting viral entry and apoptosis pathways.