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Related Concept Videos

Stress and Mental Health01:30

Stress and Mental Health

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Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
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Psychological Responses to Stress01:20

Psychological Responses to Stress

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Psychological responses to stress encompass the various cognitive and emotional reactions individuals experience when faced with challenging or threatening situations, such as a job loss. Prolonged exposure to stressors can disturb emotional balance, increasing negative emotions (e.g., anxiety and sadness) and diminishing positive emotions (e.g., joy and satisfaction). These persistent emotional shifts are associated with an increased risk of both physical illness and mental health issues, such...
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Physiological Foundation of Stress01:24

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Stress triggers a coordinated physiological response involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This dual activation ensures that the body is prepared for both immediate and prolonged stress management. The process begins with the perception of a stressor. This initial phase activates the SNS, leading to the rapid release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal glands.
Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
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Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

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The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
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Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle01:27

Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle

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Stress is a multifaceted response to events perceived as challenging or threatening, highlighting physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions. Physically, stress can lead to fatigue, sleep disruptions, and various health issues such as frequent colds, chest pains, and nausea. Emotionally, it can manifest as anxiety, depression, irritability, and anger triggered by both minor and major life events. Cognitively, it may result in difficulty in concentration, memory, and...
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Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm
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Chronic stress and executive functioning: A specification-curve analysis.

Marcus Möschl1, Kornelius Schmidt1, Sören Enge2

  • 1Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.

Physiology & Behavior
|November 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic stress does not significantly impact executive functioning (EF) in most adults. However, income may moderate this relationship, and analytical choices can influence results, necessitating further research for reliable stress-EF associations.

Keywords:
Chronic stressCognitive controlExecutive functioningHair cortisolSpecification curve

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Stress Research

Background:

  • Chronic stress is a growing concern impacting overall health.
  • Executive functioning (EF) is crucial for cognitive control and daily life.
  • The relationship between chronic stress and EF requires further clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between chronic stress and executive functioning (EF).
  • To assess the impact of subjective and objective chronic stress on cognitive tasks.
  • To explore potential moderating factors and analytical choices in stress-EF research.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed 514 adults using three EF tasks (shifting, updating, inhibition).
  • Measured chronic stress via self-reports and hair cortisol.
  • Employed structural equation modeling and specification-curve analysis.

Main Results:

  • Neither subjective nor objective chronic stress showed a meaningful association with common EF.
  • Income may moderate the relationship between subjective stress and EF.
  • Specification-curve analysis revealed inconsistent associations, with most analytical choices yielding null effects.

Conclusions:

  • Common EF appears preserved under chronic stress.
  • Analytical choices and covariates significantly influence observed stress-EF associations.
  • Further research is needed to understand non-replicable stress-EF findings.