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Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

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In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
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Introduction
Halogenation is another class of electrophilic addition reactions where a halogen molecule gets added across a π bond. In alkynes, the presence of two π bonds allows for the addition of two equivalents of halogens (bromine or chlorine). The addition of the first halogen molecule forms a trans-dihaloalkene as the major product and the cis isomer as the minor product. Subsequent addition of the second equivalent yields the tetrahalide.
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Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Alkyl Halides02:45

Alkyl Halides

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Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
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Structural Isomerism

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Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
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Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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Macrocyclic complexes based on [N⋯I⋯N]+ halogen bonds.

Shilin Yu1, Elina Kalenius1, Antonio Frontera2

  • 1University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland. kari.t.rissanen@jyu.fi.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|November 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New macrocyclic iodine complexes with rigid cavities selectively bind anions in the gas phase. Their cavity size and electrostatic forces dictate anion binding, offering insights into molecular recognition. (36 words)

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Host-Guest Chemistry

Background:

  • Macrocyclic complexes are crucial in host-guest chemistry for molecular recognition.
  • Understanding anion binding in the gas phase is key to designing selective receptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel macrocyclic iodine(I) complexes.
  • To investigate the gas-phase binding of anions by these complexes.
  • To elucidate the factors governing anion selectivity and binding strength.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of macrocyclic iodine(I) complexes via ligand exchange reactions.
  • Gas-phase binding studies to probe host-guest interactions.
  • Analysis of cavity size and electrostatic interactions.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized 1-2 nm macrocyclic iodine(I) complexes.
  • These complexes exhibit rigid cavities (0.5-1 nm) capable of binding the hexafluorophosphate anion.
  • Anion binding is influenced by cavity dimensions and electrostatic interactions with iodine(I) cations.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized macrocyclic complexes demonstrate efficient gas-phase anion binding.
  • Cavity size and electrostatic interactions are critical determinants of binding affinity and selectivity.
  • These findings provide a foundation for developing novel anion recognition systems.