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Related Concept Videos

The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

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The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...
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Primary Active Transport01:29

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would...
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Facilitated Diffusion01:16

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The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
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Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport01:24

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Drugs must traverse multiple biological barriers, such as multi-layered skin, single-layered intestinal epithelium, and the plasma membrane, to reach their target sites within the body. The plasma membrane, a highly structured composite of phospholipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, is the cell's protective boundary, facilitating selective substance exchange.
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Transcellular Transport of Solutes01:23

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Transcellular transport of solutes is the movement of substances like monosaccharides and amino acids through polarized cells. This transport mechanism is primarily seen in epithelial and endothelial cells aided by membrane transport proteins such as channels and transporters. The tight junctions between these cells confine the membrane proteins to the two sides of the cell. The epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral domains. In contrast, the endothelial cells show the luminal...
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Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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Subatomic species transport through atomically thin membranes: Present and future applications.

Piran R Kidambi1,2,3,4, Pavan Chaturvedi1, Nicole K Moehring2,4

  • 1Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.

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Atomically thin 2D materials enable selective transport of subatomic particles like protons. This breakthrough offers potential for advanced energy, separation, and electronic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Physics

Background:

  • Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene and hexagonal boron nitride, possess unique properties.
  • These materials exhibit selective permeability, allowing passage of certain subatomic species while blocking others.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in selective subatomic species transport using atomically thin membranes.
  • To explore the potential applications of this technology in energy, separation, and electronics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing pristine lattices of monolayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride.
  • Investigating the transport of electrons, thermal protons, and isotopes.

Main Results:

  • Graphene and hexagonal boron nitride are impermeable to helium atoms.
  • These 2D materials facilitate the transmission of electrons and the transport of thermal protons and their isotopes.

Conclusions:

  • Selective subatomic species transport through 2D materials has transformative potential.
  • Applications span energy storage/conversion, isotope separation, advanced microscopy, and electronics.