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Congenital interstitial lung diseases: What the anesthesiologist needs to know

Gianluca Bertolizio1, Thomas Engelhardt1, Francis Veyckemans2

  • 1Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Paediatric Anaesthesia
|November 5, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric congenital interstitial lung diseases pose significant risks. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for managing these rare lung conditions in children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Pulmonology
  • Medical Genetics

Background:

  • Congenital interstitial lung diseases (CILDs) affect neonates and young children.
  • These conditions present diagnostic challenges due to non-specific symptoms, often leading to delayed recognition.
  • CILDs encompass a spectrum of rare lung disorders with varying prognoses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review congenital interstitial lung diseases affecting neonates and young children.
  • To highlight the importance of recognizing these conditions for pediatric anesthesiologists.
  • To discuss the diverse clinical presentations and prognoses of pediatric CILDs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of congenital interstitial lung diseases in pediatric populations.
  • Synthesis of information on clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management.
  • Focus on conditions relevant to pediatric anesthesia.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric CILDs are associated with high morbidity and mortality.
  • Included conditions range from alveolar capillary dysplasia to pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis.
  • Late diagnosis is common, especially in cases like diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt recognition and tailored treatment are vital for improving outcomes in pediatric CILDs.
  • Understanding the spectrum of CILDs is essential for pediatric healthcare providers, including anesthesiologists.
  • While some CILDs have poor prognoses, others can be managed effectively with appropriate interventions.

Keywords:
children's interstitial lung diseaseshypoxemiainterstitial lung diseaseslung biopsypulmonary hypertension

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