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Adolescents' perioperative experiences in relation to inpatient and outpatient elective surgery - a qualitative study
Marcia Pestana-Santos1,2,3, Adriana Pestana-Santos4, Margarida Reis Santos1,5,6
1Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Abel Salazar of Porto University, Porto, Portugal.
Background:
Perioperative experience can be very distressing in adolescence if not managed properly by healthcare professionals. In the clinical context, the emotional expression of the adolescent is less spontaneous, which makes the assessment of anxiety, pain or even the desire to be involved in the perioperative process, difficult. Listening to their perioperative experiences will permit an understanding of their difficulties and expectations, regardless of the surgical intervention undergone.
Aim:
To explore the adolescents' perioperative experiences in relation to inpatient and outpatient elective surgery.
Methods:
Qualitative exploratory study, with thematic analysis approach. A purposive sample of 40 adolescents aged 14-18 years and in the perioperative period, from two paediatric surgery settings in a university hospital, was questioned from January to July 2020. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview and analysed inductively with qualitative thematic analysis.
Results:
The data yielded one major theme, five themes, and 14 sub-themes. The major theme, Adolescent in perioperative period, included the five themes: (1) emotional and psychological aspects; (2) physical aspects; (3) social aspects; (4) organizational aspects; (5) previous surgical experience. Adolescents expressed fear of the unknown, anxiety, difficulty in pain control, and feelings of autonomy loss. Issues related to withdrawal from school and friends is also a focus of adolescent concern during the perioperative period. Despite showing satisfaction with the way they were cared for, they complained about the lack of pre- and post-operative preparation.
Conclusion:
There are aspects that should be considered when caring for adolescents in perioperative period. As far as possible, programmes to prevent adolescents' anxiety in perioperative period should be designed in a holistic perspective, with aim at the psychological, physical, sociocultural, and organisational aspects.
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