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Preoperative interventions for reducing anxiety in school-age children undergoing surgery: a network meta-analysis
Inês Martins Esteves1,2,3, Rita Pires4,5, Márcia Pestana-Santos3
1School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|February 17, 2026
Summary
This review compares treatments to reduce anxiety in children undergoing surgery. It aims to rank interventions by effectiveness and safety for better pediatric surgical care.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Anesthesiology
- Child Psychology
- Evidence-Based Medicine
Background:
- Preoperative anxiety is common in school-age children undergoing elective surgery.
- Anxiety can negatively impact the surgical experience and recovery.
- Effective interventions are needed to manage pediatric preoperative anxiety.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the benefits and harms of pharmacological and non-pharmacological preoperative interventions for reducing anxiety in school-age children.
- To rank these interventions based on their efficacy and safety.
- To inform clinical practice guidelines for pediatric preoperative anxiety management.
Main Methods:
- This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review.
- Systematic review of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.
- Interventions will be assessed for reducing anxiety in children undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia.
Main Results:
- This section will present the findings of the systematic review once completed.
- Results will detail the comparative effectiveness and safety of various interventions.
- Ranking of interventions will be provided based on synthesized evidence.
Conclusions:
- The review will provide evidence-based recommendations for managing preoperative anxiety in children.
- Findings will guide the selection of optimal interventions for pediatric surgical patients.
- This research aims to improve the perioperative experience for children and their families.
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