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Ruxolitinib-Associated Phaeohyphomycosis: A Case Report
Rory Marples1, Milton Micallef2, Claudia Whyte2
1Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, AUS.
Cureus
|November 12, 2021
Summary
A rare fungal infection, phaeohyphomycosis caused by Pleurostoma richardsiae, occurred in an immunocompromised patient. Physicians should consider fungal causes for refractory cellulitis in immune-compromised patients on ruxolitinib.
Area of Science:
- Mycology
- Infectious Diseases
- Hematology
Background:
- Phaeohyphomycosis is a rare fungal infection caused by dematiaceous fungi.
- Immunocompromised individuals are at increased risk for opportunistic infections.
- Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors like ruxolitinib can impair immune function.
Observation:
- An 82-year-old male with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) undergoing treatment with ruxolitinib presented with cellulitis.
- The patient's cellulitis was refractory to standard antibiotic treatments.
Findings:
- The patient was diagnosed with phaeohyphomycosis caused by Pleurostoma richardsiae (P. richardsiae).
- This case highlights P. richardsiae as a potential pathogen in immunocompromised hosts.
Implications:
- Hematologists, infectious disease specialists, and surgeons should consider fungal infections in patients with refractory cellulitis.
- Immune dysfunction and treatments like ruxolitinib are risk factors for rare fungal infections.
- Early recognition and appropriate antifungal therapy are crucial for managing phaeohyphomycosis.
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