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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Strong Quantum Computational Advantage Using a Superconducting Quantum Processor.

Yulin Wu1,2,3, Wan-Su Bao4, Sirui Cao1,2,3

  • 1Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed the Zuchongzhi quantum processor, a 66-qubit superconducting system. This quantum computer demonstrated a significant quantum computational advantage, completing a task in hours that would take supercomputers years.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Computing
  • Superconducting Circuits
  • Quantum Information Science

Background:

  • Achieving quantum computational advantage requires scaling qubit numbers and enhancing control precision.
  • Superconducting quantum processors are a leading platform for demonstrating quantum supremacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a large-scale, high-precision superconducting quantum processor.
  • To demonstrate unambiguous quantum computational advantage over classical computers.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a two-dimensional programmable superconducting quantum processor (Zuchongzhi) with 66 qubits and tunable coupling.
  • Benchmarking system performance using random quantum circuits sampling up to 56 qubits and 20 cycles.
  • Estimation of classical simulation costs for comparison.

Main Results:

  • The Zuchongzhi processor successfully executed a 56-qubit random circuit sampling task in approximately 1.2 hours.
  • Classical simulation of this task is estimated to require at least 8 years on the most powerful supercomputer.
  • This represents a computational cost 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than previous quantum advantage experiments.

Conclusions:

  • The Zuchongzhi processor establishes an unambiguous quantum computational advantage, demonstrating infeasibility for classical computation within a reasonable timeframe.
  • The developed high-precision, programmable quantum computing platform enables exploration of complex many-body phenomena and quantum algorithms.