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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

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Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

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Published on: April 12, 2019

Moving beyond bimetallic-alloy to single-atom dimer atomic-interface for all-pH hydrogen evolution.

Ashwani Kumar^1,2, Viet Q Bui^1,2, Jinsun Lee^1,2

¹Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.

Nature Communications

|November 20, 2021

Summary

Researchers developed bimetallic single-atom-dimer (SAD) catalysts for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity. The NiCo-SAD-NC catalyst shows superior performance in both acidic and alkaline conditions, offering a new pathway for efficient catalysis.

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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Catalysis

Background:

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) show promise for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) but have limited modification potential.
Bimetallic single-atom-dimer (SAD) structures offer enhanced electronic properties and synergistic effects beyond SACs.
Synthesizing and identifying SAD structures presents significant challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the potential of bimetallic SAD structures for improving HER kinetics.
To develop a facile synthesis strategy for NiCo-SAD catalysts.
To elucidate the structure-activity relationship of SADs for pH-universal HER.

Main Methods:

First-principle screening to identify synergistic effects in NiCo-SAD.
In-situ ion trapping followed by pyrolysis to synthesize NiCo-SAD on N-doped carbon (NiCo-SAD-NC).
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to confirm atomic-level Ni-Co coordination.

Main Results:

Theoretical screening predicted enhanced HER kinetics due to synergistic Ni-Co interaction in SADs.
A facile synthesis method yielded NiCo-SAD-NC with confirmed atomic-level Ni-Co coordination.
NiCo-SAD-NC demonstrated exceptional pH-universal HER activity, with low overpotentials of 54.7 mV (acidic) and 61 mV (alkaline) at -10 mA cm⁻².

Conclusions:

Bimetallic SADs offer a promising avenue for advancing HER catalysis beyond SACs.
The developed synthesis strategy provides a facile route to SAD catalysts.
This work deepens the understanding of structure-activity relationships for SADs in HER applications.