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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in...
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Effective Analysis of Human Exposure Conditions with Body-worn Dosimeters in the 2.4 GHz Band
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A coherent framework for non-ionising radiation protection.

Rick Tinker1, Jacques Abramowicz2, Efthymios Karabetsos3

  • 1Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Journal of Radiological Protection : Official Journal of the Society for Radiological Protection
|November 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A new World Health Organization framework offers a unified approach to health protection from non-ionising radiation (NIR). This guidance promotes consistent national safety objectives and multisectoral engagement for managing NIR exposure effectively.

Keywords:
frameworknon-ionising radiationradiation protection

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Radiation Protection
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Currently, a unified framework for health protection from non-ionising radiation (NIR) is lacking.
  • Existing government compliance needs are fragmented, addressing only specific NIR exposure situations.
  • A globally consistent approach is needed to protect populations from NIR.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the concepts and key features of a new international framework for NIR health protection.
  • To provide guidance for establishing clear national health and safety objectives related to NIR.
  • To support multisectoral action and engagement in managing NIR risks.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a framework based on decades of practical experience in NIR protection.
  • Incorporation of principles for establishing national health and safety objectives.
  • Design to support systematic management and multisectoral engagement.

Main Results:

  • The proposed framework offers a common language and systematic approach for managing NIR.
  • It guides governments in setting and achieving clear national health and safety objectives.
  • The framework facilitates adaptation to emerging NIR technologies and policy challenges.

Conclusions:

  • An international framework is essential for a globally consistent approach to NIR health protection.
  • The presented framework provides practical guidance for effective management of NIR exposure.
  • It empowers governments to address policy challenges in protecting public health from NIR.