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Related Concept Videos

Mechanical Characteristics of Steel01:18

Mechanical Characteristics of Steel

802
The mechanical characteristics of steel are assessed through various tests that evaluate its strength, toughness, and flexibility. These tests include tension, torsion, impact, bending, and hardness assessments, each providing crucial information about steel's suitability for specific applications.
The tension test is fundamental for determining tensile strength. In this test, a steel specimen is stretched using a gripping device until it breaks. The data collected during this test are used...
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Corrosion of Reinforcement01:27

Corrosion of Reinforcement

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The corrosion of steel reinforcement within concrete is a process influenced by the material's inherent properties and external factors. The high pH level of around 13, provided by calcium hydroxide present in concrete, initially protects the steel reinforcement by promoting the formation of a passive iron oxide layer on its surface.
However, over time and under certain conditions like carbonation, chloride ingress, and cracking this protective state can be compromised. Steel has areas with...
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Steel Manufacturing01:26

Steel Manufacturing

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Steel manufacturing is a multi-stage process that begins by smelting iron ore into cast iron in a blast furnace. This initial stage involves layering iron ore with coke, a type of fuel, and crushed limestone within the furnace. The coke is ignited with a high volume of air, leading to the creation of carbon monoxide, which acts to reduce the iron ore to pure iron.
During this smelting process, limestone plays a crucial role by forming slag. Slag captures impurities within the molten iron, such...
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Qualitative Analysis03:46

Qualitative Analysis

22.8K
For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...
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Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Co-localizing Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy with Other Microscopies and Spectroscopies: Selected Applications in Corrosion Characterization of Alloys
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Approaching "stainless magnesium" by Ca micro-alloying.

Min Deng1, Linqian Wang, Daniel Höche

  • 1Magnesium Innovation Center, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany. daniel.hoeche@hzg.de.

Materials Horizons
|November 25, 2021
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Calcium micro-alloying creates "stainless magnesium" with corrosion rates below 0.1 mm y⁻¹, significantly outperforming ultra-high-purity magnesium. This breakthrough offers a corrosion-resistant magnesium alloy for diverse applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Corrosion Engineering

Background:

  • Severe corrosion limits magnesium (Mg) and Mg alloy applications in transportation, medical implants, and batteries.
  • Existing Mg materials do not exhibit corrosion rates significantly lower than ultra-high-purity Mg (0.25 mm y⁻¹).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop highly corrosion-resistant Mg-based materials.
  • To investigate the effect of calcium (Ca) micro-alloying on Mg corrosion resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Design and fabrication of Mg-Ca lean alloys.
  • Corrosion rate testing in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution.
  • Analysis of corrosion resistance mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Mg-Ca lean alloys demonstrated corrosion rates below 0.1 mm y⁻¹, significantly lower than ultra-high-purity Mg.
  • Corrosion resistance is attributed to inhibited cathodic water reduction, stabilized impurities, and a Ca-induced protective surface film.

Conclusions:

  • Ca micro-alloying enables the development of highly corrosion-resistant magnesium, achieving "stainless Mg" properties.
  • Mg-Ca alloys offer environmental benefits and economic viability, presenting feasible advanced materials for various applications.