Attention network modulation via tRNS correlates with attention gain

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Cognitive Science
• Neuromodulation

Background:

• Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) is known to modulate brain activity.
• The effects of multi-day tRNS on large-scale brain networks, particularly the attention network, remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the impact of multi-day tRNS on resting-state functional connectivity and attention performance.
• To determine if tRNS combined with behavioral training enhances the dorsal and ventral attention network (DVAN).

Main Methods:

• Human subjects underwent 4 days of attention task training with concurrent tRNS over intraparietal sulci, middle temporal areas, or sham stimulation.
• Resting-state functional connectivity of DVAN nodes was measured before and after the intervention period.

Main Results:

• Significant behavioral improvements in attention tasks were observed following parietal tRNS.
• Increased functional connectivity within the DVAN was specifically linked to parietal stimulation.
• Behavioral gains showed a positive correlation with enhanced DVAN connectivity.

Conclusions:

• Changes in functional connectivity serve as a biomarker for the sustained behavioral effects of tRNS.
• Parietal tRNS, coupled with training, can effectively enhance attention and DVAN connectivity.
• tRNS shows promise for augmenting cognitive functions in healthy individuals and aiding recovery in neurological conditions.