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Techniques for the Evolution of Robust Pentose-fermenting Yeast for Bioconversion of Lignocellulose to Ethanol
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Biotechnological Approaches to Lowering the Ethanol Yield during Wine Fermentation
Ramon Gonzalez1, Andrea M Guindal1, Jordi Tronchoni2
1Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Gobierno de la Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja), 26007 La Rioja, Spain.
Biomolecules
|November 27, 2021
Summary
Global warming increases grape sugar, raising wine alcohol. This review explores biotechnological solutions, like yeast strain selection and genetic improvement, to reduce ethanol yields in wine.
Area of Science:
- Enology
- Biotechnology
- Viticulture
Background:
- Global climate warming leads to increased grape sugar content.
- Elevated grape sugar results in higher alcohol levels in wine.
- This poses a significant challenge for the wine industry.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review biotechnological strategies for reducing ethanol yield in wine.
- To explore yeast strain selection, improvement, and fermentation process optimization.
- To discuss the role of genetic improvement in developing lower-alcohol wine yeasts.
Main Methods:
- Selection and improvement of wine yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and others).
- Exploration of aerobic fermentation conditions.
- Application of genetic improvement (including non-GMO approaches) and recombinant yeasts in research.
- Optimization of fermentation processes using natural isolates.
Main Results:
- Various biotechnological approaches are being investigated to lower wine alcohol content.
- Both established and alternative yeast species show potential.
- Genetic improvement and optimized fermentation offer promising avenues.
- Recombinant yeasts contribute to research advancements.
Conclusions:
- Biotechnological solutions, particularly yeast strain development, are key to managing rising wine alcohol levels.
- Process optimization and genetic improvements are expected to yield commercial strains for lower-alcohol wines.
- Natural yeast isolates and optimized fermentation present the most immediate advancements.
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