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Phase Transitions of Polarised PVDF Films in a Standard Curing Process for Composites.

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Annealing polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films in an autoclave impacts their phase composition. The piezoelectric β-phase is stable up to 170°C, beyond which other phases emerge, necessitating new polarization methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a piezoelectric polymer with applications in sensors.
  • Understanding PVDF phase transitions during thermal processing is crucial for optimizing its properties.
  • Existing methods for PVDF processing may affect its piezoelectric performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of autoclave annealing on the phase composition of stretched, polarized PVDF films.
  • To determine the thermal stability of the piezoelectric β-phase in PVDF.
  • To identify phase changes occurring at different annealing temperatures.

Main Methods:

  • Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) for thermal analysis.
  • Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for chemical structure analysis.
  • X-ray Diffraction (XRD) for crystallographic phase identification.

Main Results:

  • The piezoelectric β-phase in PVDF remains stable up to 170°C.
  • Above 170°C, the non-piezoelectric α-phase becomes dominant.
  • New piezoelectric phases (γ and γ') appear at higher annealing temperatures (175°C), with the γ-phase replacing the β-phase.

Conclusions:

  • Autoclave annealing significantly alters PVDF phase composition, affecting its piezoelectric properties.
  • The stability of the β-phase is limited, and higher temperatures promote the formation of other phases.
  • New methods are needed to restore PVDF polarization after annealing for applications in sensors, especially in composite structures like CFRP.