Nutritional iodine status and obesity.
Mariacarla Moleti1, Maria Di Mauro1, Giuseppe Paola1
1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Thyroid Research
|November 28, 2021
Summary
Overweight and obesity can impact iodine status indicators like urinary iodine excretion and thyroid volume. Further research is needed to understand how body mass index affects iodine assessment in populations.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Nutritional Science
- Public Health
Background:
- Iodine is crucial for thyroid hormone synthesis, and its intake varies widely in foods.
- Inadequate iodine intake (deficiency or excess) can lead to thyroid dysfunction (hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism).
- Current methods for assessing iodine status include urinary iodine concentration, thyroid size, and biochemical markers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the influence of overweight and obesity on indicators used for assessing iodine status.
- To analyze how body mass index (BMI) affects urinary iodine excretion, thyroid volume, and echogenicity.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent studies on overweight/obese children and adults.
- Analysis of data on urinary iodine excretion, thyroid volume, and echogenicity in relation to BMI.
- Evaluation of iodine absorption after bariatric surgery.
Main Results:
- Data on urinary iodine excretion in overweight/obese children are conflicting.
- Limited evidence suggests a direct relationship between thyroid volume and BMI.
- Overweight/obese children show a higher frequency of thyroid hypoechoic patterns, possibly due to adipocyte infiltration.
Conclusions:
- Overweight and obesity may complicate the interpretation of iodine status indicators.
- Current evidence suggests bariatric surgery does not typically lead to iodine deficiency.
- The thyroid hypoechoic pattern in overweight/obese children warrants consideration in iodine monitoring programs.
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