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Updated: Oct 11, 2025

A Guide to Concentration Alternating Frequency Response Analysis of Fuel Cells

A Guide to Concentration Alternating Frequency Response Analysis of Fuel Cells

Published on: December 11, 2019

Feed-forward offset-free model predictive temperature control for proton exchange membrane fuel cell: An experimental

Guanru Li¹, Hao Fu¹, Rafal Madonski²

¹Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.

ISA Transactions

|November 29, 2021

Summary

A new feed-forward offset-free model predictive control (MPC) strategy enhances proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) thermal management. This advanced control system improves temperature regulation and robustness for safer, more economical fuel cell operation.

Keywords:

Feed-forward disturbance compensation Offset-free model predictive control Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)Temperature regulation

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Last Updated: Oct 11, 2025

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Area of Science:

* Energy Systems Engineering
* Control Theory
* Electrochemical Engineering

Background:

* Efficient thermal management is crucial for safe and economical proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) operation.
* PEMFC temperature regulation faces challenges from load fluctuations, model uncertainties, and nonlinearities.
* Existing control strategies often struggle with stringent set-point tracking and disturbance rejection.

Purpose of the Study:

* To develop an advanced control strategy for robust PEMFC thermal management.
* To mitigate the impact of load fluctuations and unmodeled dynamics on stack temperature.
* To achieve offset-free temperature control with improved tracking performance.

Main Methods:

* Implementation of a feed-forward offset-free model predictive control (MPC) approach.
* Utilizing measured power load fluctuations as feed-forward information.
* Reconstructing and integrating unmeasurable disturbances and uncertainties into the MPC framework for enhanced state estimation.

Main Results:

* The proposed feed-forward offset-free MPC demonstrated superior performance compared to conventional methods.
* Achieved faster temperature tracking and significantly higher robustness in simulations and hardware experiments.
* Effectively reduced the influence of load fluctuations and system uncertainties on temperature control.

Conclusions:

* The developed feed-forward offset-free MPC is a highly effective solution for PEMFC thermal management.
* The control strategy offers a promising pathway for accelerating the adoption and application of PEMFC technology.
* Validated through simulations and experiments on a 500 W PEMFC testbed, confirming its practical viability.