Expanding the Biocatalytic Scope of Enzyme-Loaded Polymeric Hydrogels

In recent years, polymeric hydrogels have appeared promising matrices for enzyme immobilization to design, signify and expand bio-catalysis engineering. Therefore, the development and deployment of polymeric supports in the form of hydrogels and other robust geometries are continuously growing to green the twenty-first-century bio-catalysis. Furthermore, adequately fabricated polymeric hydrogel materials offer numerous advantages that shield pristine enzymes from denaturation under harsh reaction environments. For instance, cross-linking modulation of hydrogels, distinct rheological behavior, tunable surface entities along with elasticity and mesh size, larger surface-volume area, and hydrogels' mechanical cushioning attributes are of supreme interest makes them the ideal candidate for enzyme immobilization. Furthermore, suitable coordination of polymeric hydrogels with requisite enzyme fraction enables pronounced loading, elevated biocatalytic activity, and exceptional stability. Additionally, the unique catalytic harmony of enzyme-loaded polymeric hydrogels offers numerous applications, such as hydrogels as immobilization matrix, bio-catalysis, sensing, detection and monitoring, tissue engineering, wound healing, and drug delivery applications. In this review, we spotlight the applied perspective of enzyme-loaded polymeric hydrogels with recent and relevant examples. The work also signifies the combined use of multienzyme systems and the future directions that should be attempted in this field.