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Related Concept Videos

Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Author Spotlight: Non-Surgical Treatment of Melasma– Microneedling with Tranexamic Acid
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Author Spotlight: Non-Surgical Treatment of Melasma– Microneedling with Tranexamic Acid

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Melasma.

Brent J Doolan1, Monisha Gupta2

  • 1BSc, MBBS, MPH&TM, Dermatology Research Fellow, The Skin Hospital, Sydney, NSW.

Australian Journal of General Practice
|November 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Melasma, a common skin hyperpigmentation disorder, significantly impacts quality of life. Effective management of this facial pigmentation often requires extensive, multi-modal treatment approaches.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Melasma is a prevalent skin hyperpigmentation disorder.
  • Characterized by facial brown pigmentation, it negatively affects patient quality of life.
  • Management is often challenging, necessitating prolonged treatment and maintenance strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide general practitioners with evidence-based clinical updates on melasma.
  • To aid clinicians in effective assessment and treatment of melasma in daily practice.

Main Methods:

  • This article reviews current therapeutic modalities for melasma.
  • Treatment selection is based on disease presentation, patient preference, duration, and side-effect profiles.
  • Combination therapy is frequently required for optimal outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Evidence-based updates for effective melasma assessment and treatment are presented.
  • Guidelines for choosing therapeutic modalities are discussed.
  • The importance of combination therapy is highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians require updated, evidence-based information for managing melasma.
  • Tailoring treatment to individual patient needs and disease characteristics is crucial.
  • A combination of therapies is often necessary for successful melasma management.