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Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
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Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
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Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

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MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay01:33

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

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In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen.  Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or...
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Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

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Overview
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Selecting the Antigen.

Edward A Greenfield, James DeCaprio, Mohan Brahmandam

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    Discover factors influencing antibody response strength and quality. This guide covers immunogenicity, immunogen selection, and antigen modification techniques for enhanced antibody production in vivo.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Biotechnology

    Background:

    • Traditional antibody generation relies on animal humoral immune responses.
    • Optimizing antibody production requires understanding antigen-specific factors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate antigen characteristics impacting antibody response.
    • To guide selection and modification of immunogens for improved antibody generation.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of immunogenicity principles.
    • Analysis of immunogen forms and their suitability.
    • Exploration of antigen modification strategies.

    Main Results:

    • Identified key antigen factors influencing antibody quality and strength.
    • Provided framework for selecting optimal immunogens.
    • Detailed methods for enhancing immunogenicity.

    Conclusions:

    • Antigen properties are critical for successful antibody production.
    • Strategic immunogen design can significantly improve antibody response.