Sensitive electrochemical immunosensor for CYFRA21-1 detection based on AuNPs@MoS₂@Ti₃C₂T_x composites

Area of Science:

• Biomarker Detection
• Nanomaterials
• Biosensor Technology

Background:

• Cytokeratin fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) is a key biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
• Existing detection methods require improvement in sensitivity and speed for early diagnosis.
• Novel nanomaterials offer enhanced properties for biosensor development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a novel electrochemical immunoassay for sensitive CYFRA21-1 detection.
• To synthesize and characterize novel AuNPs@MoS2@Ti3C2Tx composite materials.
• To evaluate the biosensor's performance in detecting CYFRA21-1 in complex biological samples.

Main Methods:

• Synthesis of AuNPs@MoS2@Ti3C2Tx composite nanomaterials.
• Fabrication of an electrochemical biosensor using the composite material, secondary antibodies (Ab2), and toluidine blue (TB).
• Electrochemical detection of CYFRA21-1 in standard solutions and patient serum samples.

Main Results:

• The AuNPs@MoS2@Ti3C2Tx composite exhibited a large specific surface area and good electrocatalytic properties.
• The developed electrochemical immunoassay demonstrated a linear detection range for CYFRA21-1 from 0.5 pg mL−1 to 50 ng mL−1.
• A low detection limit of 0.03 pg mL−1 was achieved, with potential for rapid detection in patient serum.

Conclusions:

• The novel AuNPs@MoS2@Ti3C2Tx composite is effective for developing a highly sensitive electrochemical immunoassay.
• The biosensor shows significant potential for the early diagnosis and monitoring of non-small cell lung cancer.
• This approach offers a promising tool for clinical applications in cancer diagnostics.