Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

1.2K
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
1.2K
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.1K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.1K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

3.6K
All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not...
3.6K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

2.1K
All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
2.1K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

1.4K
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
1.4K
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

2.5K
Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
2.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Termination-Preserved Ultrahigh Tunneling Magnetoresistance in Altermagnetic KV<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>2</sub>O.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

Polar nano-regions enable large spin Hall conductivity in metallic PtCoO<sub>2</sub>.

Nature materials·2026
Same author

Large Temperature-invariant Anomalous Nernst Effect in Non-collinear Antiferromagnet Mn<sub>3</sub>Pt.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Spin-Orbit Torque Induced by Switchable Crystal Inversion Symmetry Breaking.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Unconventional magnon-mediated spin torque enabled by ferroelectric domain engineering in multiferroic BiFeO<sub>3</sub>.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Twisted atomic magnetic tunnel junctions with multiple nonvolatile states.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

The BRCA1-A complex restricts replication fork reversal-dependent DNA repair in ATM deficient cells.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Signaling downstream of tumor-stroma interaction regulates mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma apicobasal polarity.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Click-polymerized polyenamine membranes for efficient lithium extraction.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Joint trajectories of brain atrophy, white matter hyperintensities and cognition quantify brain maintenance.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Proton shuttling at electrochemical interfaces under alkaline hydrogen evolution.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

metilene<sup>3</sup>: identifying DMRs across multiple conditions with auto-classification.

Nature communications·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing
15:58

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Published on: December 3, 2013

5.9K

Spin-neutral currents for spintronics.

Ding-Fu Shao1, Shu-Hui Zhang2, Ming Li3

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy & Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0299, USA. dfshao@unl.edu.

Nature Communications
|December 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Globally spin-neutral currents in compensated antiferromagnets and normal metals can be used in spintronics. These materials enable giant tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) effects in antiferromagnetic tunnel junctions (AFMTJs).

More Related Videos

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

9.8K
Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

10.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing
15:58

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Published on: December 3, 2013

5.9K
Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

9.8K
Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

10.1K

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • Electric currents with spin polarization are key in spintronics.
  • Globally spin-neutral currents were previously thought to be irrelevant for spin-dependent phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the utility of spin-neutral currents in spintronics.
  • To explore the potential of compensated antiferromagnets and normal metals in spintronic devices.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of magnetic space group symmetry and Fermi surface properties.
  • Design and simulation of a RuO2/TiO2/RuO2 (001) antiferromagnetic tunnel junction (AFMTJ).

Main Results:

  • Spin-independent conductance in compensated antiferromagnets with non-spin-degenerate Fermi surfaces can be exploited.
  • A RuO2-based AFMTJ demonstrated a giant tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) effect of ~500% using spin-neutral currents.
  • Normal metals can also be utilized in AFMTJs and other spintronic devices.

Conclusions:

  • Materials with no global spin polarization possess unexplored potential for spintronics.
  • Spin-neutral currents can be actively controlled in spintronic devices, challenging prior assumptions.