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Related Concept Videos

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Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration

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Cells can detect chemical cues in their environment and reorganize the cytoskeleton to migrate toward them or away from them. This directional migration, called chemotaxis, is essential during embryogenesis and development, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration, and reproduction. These chemical cues can either attract or repel the cell's movement. For example, axon development is determined by a combination of chemoattractants and chemorepellents that direct the growing axon...
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Chemotaxis in Escherichia coli is a sensory-driven motility mechanism that enables bacteria to navigate chemical gradients, moving toward beneficial environments while avoiding harmful conditions. This process relies on a signal transduction system integrating external chemical cues with flagellar motor control.Chemoreceptors and Signal DetectionE. coli detects chemical gradients through methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs), which are membrane-bound chemoreceptors that sense attractants...
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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
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Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
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Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity. 
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Related Experiment Video

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Two Complementary Signaling Pathways Depict Eukaryotic Chemotaxis: A Mechanochemical Coupling Model.

Lüwen Zhou1,2, Shiliang Feng1,2, Long Li3

  • 1Smart Materials and Advanced Structure Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo Zhejiang, China.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|December 6, 2021
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Summary

This study models cell migration, revealing how internal signaling and mechanical forces create self-organizing pseudopods for random movement and precise responses to chemical signals.

Keywords:
biochemicalbiomechanicalchemotaxiscytoskeletal remodelingmathematical model

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Eukaryotic cells exhibit correlated random migration and precise chemotaxis.
  • Understanding the integration of molecular and cell mechanics in motility is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and simulate a 2D model for cell migration.
  • To investigate the roles of signaling feedback and mechanical inhibition in cell motility.

Main Methods:

  • A two-dimensional particle-spring model for cell migration simulation.
  • A one-dimensional finite differences method for membrane diffusion simulation.
  • Modeling biochemical feedback (PIs/Rho GTPase) and mechanical interplay (FLNa/FilGAP).

Main Results:

  • The model replicates correlated random migration via self-organizing pseudopods.
  • Simulations show directional and adaptable responses to shallow chemoattractant gradients.
  • The model demonstrates 'shuttle run' behavior in confined spaces and chemotactic escape.

Conclusions:

  • A balance between signaling and mechanical inactivation governs cell migration patterns.
  • Mechanical strain-based inhibition is key to directional sensing in shallow gradients.
  • The model provides insights into the interplay of signaling pathways and mechanical forces in cell motility.