Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Demonstrating a Multi-drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Amplification Microarray

Demonstrating a Multi-drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Amplification Microarray

Published on: April 25, 2014

Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis clusters in Mpumalanga province, South Africa, 2013-2016: A spatial analysis

M A Mashamba¹, F Tanser^2,3,4,5, S Afagbedzi⁶

¹School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.

Tropical Medicine & International Health : TM & IH

|December 7, 2021

Abstract

Objective:

To identify spatial clusters with unusually high levels of MDR-TB, which are highly unlikely to have arisen by chance in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa.

Methods:

Home addresses of all MDR-TB patients were collected from four MDR-TB facilities from 2013 to 2016. We mapped all addresses, linking them to the nearest ward with population estimates. A spatial analysis was conducted using kernel density in ArcGIS to estimate and map the distribution of the disease and used Gertis-Ord Gi to test for significant clustering.

Results:

A total of 4065 MDR-TB patients were mapped. Ten significant clusters (p-value <0.05) were found across the province in six sub-districts: Mbombela, Nkomazi, Emalahleni, Govan Mbeki, Lekwa and Mkhondo. Mbombela has the highest number of significant clusters. The central region did not have any MDR-TB clusters.

Conclusion:

There is clear evidence of MDR-TB clustering in Mpumalanga. This calls for concentrated TB prevention efforts and proper allocation of resources. Further investigations are needed to identify MDR-TB predictors.

Keywords:

MDR-TB clustering geographic information systems hotspot

More Related Videos

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

Published on: September 5, 2017

The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis

The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis

Published on: August 11, 2008

Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Correction: Investigating risk factors for under-five mortality in an HIV hyper-endemic area of rural South Africa, from 2000-2014.

PloS one·2024

Instrumental variable estimation of the marginal structural Cox model for time-varying treatments.

Biometrika·2023

Outcomes of community-based HIV testing modalities in a Mpumalanga district, South Africa.

South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde·2020

Findings from home-based HIV testing and facilitated linkage after scale-up of test and treat in rural South Africa: young people still missing.

HIV medicine·2019

Home-based intervention to test and start (HITS) protocol: a cluster-randomized controlled trial to reduce HIV-related mortality in men and HIV incidence in women through increased coverage of HIV treatment.

BMC public health·2019

Investigating risk factors for under-five mortality in an HIV hyper-endemic area of rural South Africa, from 2000-2014.

PloS one·2018

See all related articles