Strategies and experiences for sand and dust storm adaptation: A qualitative study in Iran

Sand and Dust storms (SDS) are meteorological hazards that are increasing due to climate change. Mitigation and adaptation are two main strategies that help to deal with this global concern. In the recent decades, Iran has been prone to SDS. Therefore, this study was conducted in 2018 in order to explore the SDS adaptation experiences and strategies in the Iranian community.

Using content analysis approach and purposive sampling, three groups (including 14 experts, 8 authorities, and 23 individuals) were selected. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed using Graneheim and Lundman's method. Finally, Gaba and Lincoln's scientific criteria were used for data validity.

Two major categories emerged from the analysis. The first category was related to the adaptation experiences and included two subcategories: "citizens' experiences" and "experts'/ authorities' experiences". The second was related to SDS adaptation strategies and included five subcategories: "educational development", "public participation", "inter-sectorial coordination", "institutional development", and "environment preservation".

Identifying the experiences and strategies that are implemented by a community to adapt to SDS is the core stone for developing a comprehensive local and national adaptation plan. This study suggests strategies and action plans for SDS adaptation that can be used in policy making.