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Inhibitory pattern recognition receptors
Matevž Rumpret1,2, Helen J von Richthofen1,2, Victor Peperzak1
1Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
The Journal of Experimental Medicine
|December 14, 2021
Summary
The immune system uses inhibitory pattern recognition receptors (iPRRs) to sense danger signals, providing context for immune responses. This helps balance immune reactions and promotes tolerance to harmless microbes.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Molecular Biology
- Cellular Biology
Background:
- The immune system recognizes molecular patterns from pathogens and damaged tissues using pattern recognition receptors (PRRs).
- Immune responses must be context-dependent to avoid reacting to commensals or during normal physiological cell death.
- The mechanisms providing context for PRR-mediated immune recognition are not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the role of inhibitory receptors as counterparts to activating PRRs.
- To propose a novel class of inhibitory pattern recognition receptors (iPRRs).
- To elucidate how iPRRs provide context for immune responses and mediate tolerance.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and conceptual analysis of immune receptor function.
- Discussion of existing knowledge on activating and inhibitory immune receptors.
- Hypothesizing the function of iPRRs in immune regulation.
Main Results:
- Inhibitory receptors are proposed as crucial counterparts to activating PRRs.
- A new category, inhibitory pattern recognition receptors (iPRRs), is hypothesized.
- iPRRs are suggested to recognize patterns associated with danger, homeostasis, or both.
Conclusions:
- Recognition of molecular patterns by iPRRs provides essential context for immune responses.
- iPRRs are proposed to mediate tolerance to commensal microbes.
- iPRRs play a key role in balancing immune reactions to danger signals.
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