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The extended development of mapping spatial demonstratives onto space.

Patricia González-Peña1, Kenny R Coventry1, Andrew P Bayliss1

  • 1School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
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PubMed
Summary

Children begin using spatial demonstratives like "this" and "that" around age 7, showing sensitivity to both object distance and ownership. This language development continues past age 11, highlighting semantic factors in demonstrative production.

Keywords:
Language developmentObject knowledgeOwnershipSpatial demonstrativesSpatial memorySpatial representation

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Linguistics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Spatial demonstratives (e.g., 'this', 'that') encode object distance and characteristics like ownership.
  • Adults' demonstrative choice is influenced by object ownership, with 'this' often used for owned items.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental trajectory of spatial demonstrative production.
  • To determine the age at which children's use of demonstratives becomes sensitive to both spatial distance and object ownership.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted involving 7-year-olds, 11-year-olds, and adults.
  • Participants completed an object location memory task and a language task requiring the use of 'this' or 'that' to refer to objects.

Main Results:

  • Adult-like production of spatial demonstratives emerges around age 7 and continues developing beyond age 11.
  • No significant differences in nonlinguistic spatial memory were observed across age groups.
  • Children's demonstrative use reflects sensitivity to both semantic (ownership) and spatial (distance) object characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • The production of spatial demonstratives is influenced by both semantic and spatial factors throughout development.
  • Semantic factors play a fundamental role in the development of demonstrative language.
  • Developmental sensitivity to distance and ownership in demonstrative use begins in childhood and extends into adolescence.