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Updated: Mar 24, 2026

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Spatial Demonstratives and Perspective Taking in English and Japanese.

Harmen B Gudde1,2,3, Jacqueline Collier2, Kenny R Coventry2

  • 1Helmholtz Institute, Department of Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University.

Cognitive Science
|March 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals that speakers of English and Japanese demonstrate "perspective taking" in their spatial demonstrative systems. Increased participant interaction during tasks enhanced this perspective-taking ability in both languages.

Keywords:
Cross‐linguistic variationPerspective takingSpatial cognitionSpatial demonstratives

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psycholinguistics

Background:

  • Debate exists on whether languages share universal spatial parameters or exhibit diversity.
  • Spatial demonstrative systems are key to understanding language variation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore "perspective taking" in spatial demonstratives across languages.
  • To investigate the influence of egocentric distance and addressee position on demonstrative use.
  • To compare demonstrative systems in English and Japanese.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental task involving speakers of English and Japanese.
  • Analysis of demonstrative production based on egocentric distance and addressee position.
  • Observation of participant interaction during the task.

Main Results:

  • Speakers of both English and Japanese exhibited perspective taking in demonstrative use.
  • Greater participant interaction correlated with increased perspective taking.
  • The findings suggest underlying commonalities in spatial communication.

Conclusions:

  • A unified framework is proposed where a spatial reference frame is selected before choosing demonstrative terms.
  • This framework accommodates linguistic diversity while highlighting shared cognitive processes.
  • Perspective taking is a fundamental aspect of spatial demonstrative systems across languages.