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Updated: Oct 10, 2025

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
Published on: December 20, 2016
A fire-retarding electrolyte using triethyl phosphate as a solvent for sodium-ion batteries
Kang Du1, Chen Wang1, Palani Balaya1
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore. mpepb@nus.edu.sg.
Abstract:
We introduce a fire-retarding phosphate-based electrolyte, 1 M NaBF4 in triethyl phosphate with 3% vinylene carbonate as an SEI-forming additive, for sodium-ion batteries. With this electrolyte formulation, we achieved stable cycling performance with a capacity of 80.5 mA h g-1 and a retention of 77.8% after 200 cycles in the Na-ion full cell of Na3.2V1.8Zn0.2(PO4)3vs. hard carbon.
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