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Nutrition Support Therapy
Mary N R Lesser1, Lenard I Lesser2
1University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
American Family Physician
|December 16, 2021
Summary
Family physicians can guide nutrition support therapy for at-risk patients, prioritizing enteral nutrition for those with a functioning GI tract. Careful monitoring for complications like refeeding syndrome is essential.
Area of Science:
- Clinical Nutrition
- Family Medicine
- Medical Therapeutics
Background:
- Nutrition support therapy is crucial for restoring nutritional status.
- Evidence for optimal use is limited and often low-quality.
- Family physicians play a role in managing patients at risk of malnutrition.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline the role of family physicians in nutrition support therapy.
- To guide the selection of enteral versus parenteral nutrition.
- To emphasize comprehensive nutritional assessment and monitoring.
Main Methods:
- Review of current evidence on nutrition support therapy.
- Application of the Mifflin-St Jeor equation for metabolic rate calculation.
- Collaboration with registered dietitian nutritionists for nutritional assessment and formula selection.
Main Results:
- Enteral nutrition is preferred over parenteral nutrition when the gastrointestinal tract is functional.
- Parenteral nutrition carries higher complication risks and is reserved for contraindications to enteral nutrition.
- Nutrition support therapy does not enhance quality of life in dementia patients.
Conclusions:
- Family physicians should partner with RDNs for nutritional assessment and management.
- Enteral nutrition is the preferred route for nutrition support therapy when feasible.
- Shared decision-making is vital in palliative and end-of-life nutrition care.
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