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Nutrition Support Therapy.

Mary N R Lesser1, Lenard I Lesser2

  • 1University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.

American Family Physician
|December 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Family physicians can guide nutrition support therapy for at-risk patients, prioritizing enteral nutrition for those with a functioning GI tract. Careful monitoring for complications like refeeding syndrome is essential.

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Nutrition
  • Family Medicine
  • Medical Therapeutics

Background:

  • Nutrition support therapy is crucial for restoring nutritional status.
  • Evidence for optimal use is limited and often low-quality.
  • Family physicians play a role in managing patients at risk of malnutrition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the role of family physicians in nutrition support therapy.
  • To guide the selection of enteral versus parenteral nutrition.
  • To emphasize comprehensive nutritional assessment and monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current evidence on nutrition support therapy.
  • Application of the Mifflin-St Jeor equation for metabolic rate calculation.
  • Collaboration with registered dietitian nutritionists for nutritional assessment and formula selection.

Main Results:

  • Enteral nutrition is preferred over parenteral nutrition when the gastrointestinal tract is functional.
  • Parenteral nutrition carries higher complication risks and is reserved for contraindications to enteral nutrition.
  • Nutrition support therapy does not enhance quality of life in dementia patients.

Conclusions:

  • Family physicians should partner with RDNs for nutritional assessment and management.
  • Enteral nutrition is the preferred route for nutrition support therapy when feasible.
  • Shared decision-making is vital in palliative and end-of-life nutrition care.