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Related Concept Videos

Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Chirality02:25

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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
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Learning to draw Fischer projections of molecules and understanding their relevance plays a crucial role in the visual depiction of organic molecules. A Fischer projection is a two-dimensional projection on a planar surface to simplify the three-dimensional wedge–dash representation of molecules. This is especially helpful in the case of molecules with multiple chiral centers that can be difficult to draw. Here, all the bonds of interest are represented as horizontal or vertical lines.
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Molecular Shapes01:18

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Molecules have characteristic shapes that are crucial for their function. The arrangement of various electron groups around the central atom dictates their molecular geometry. Electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom will adopt an arrangement that minimizes repulsions between the electron pairs by maximizing the distance between them. The valence electrons form either bonding pairs, located primarily between bonded atoms, or lone pairs.
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Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
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Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
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3D-to-3D Microscale Shape-Morphing from Configurable Helices with Controlled Chirality.

Zhenyu Zhao1, Yisheng He1, Xiao Meng1

  • 1School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|December 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel one-step method to create 3D shape-transforming hydrogel microstructures. This technique enables autonomic shape changes for advanced biomedical applications like tissue engineering and microrobotics.

Keywords:
chiralitymicrofabricationmicroroboticresponsive polymersshape configuration

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Microfabrication

Background:

  • Tunable materials with autonomic shape transformation are promising for biomedical applications.
  • Fabricating soft, microscale 3D shape-reconfigurable structures remains challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a facile method for creating 3D-to-3D morphologically transformable microstructures.
  • To enable autonomic shape transformation in soft microscale constructs for biomedical applications.

Main Methods:

  • A one-step photo-cross-linking approach was used to create self-rolled hydrogel microsheets.
  • Custom-designed "hard" stripe/"soft" groove topography induced in-planar and out-of-planar anisotropies.
  • Experiment and simulation confirmed stripe/groove geometry controls 3D transformation via mismatch stress.

Main Results:

  • Achieved 3D-to-3D morphological transformable microhelices with chirality conversion.
  • Demonstrated controlled rolling of microhelices for versatile 3D microconstructs (e.g., "windmill"-to-"T-cross").
  • Successfully fabricated microscale, all-soft-material constructs with autonomic 3D-to-3D structural transformation.

Conclusions:

  • The novel approach overcomes limitations in microfabrication and photopolymerization for adaptive shape transformation.
  • This method offers a new pathway for designing complex hydrogel-based microrobotics and advanced biomedical devices.