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Toward generalized forked gratings via deep learning.

Yue Zhao, Enliang Wang, Fulin Cao

    Optics Letters
    |December 16, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Researchers developed generalized forked gratings to suppress unwanted light diffraction orders. A deep convolutional neural network achieved a 92.3% recovery rate, significantly reducing unwanted light intensity for improved optical applications.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Diffractive Optics
    • Machine Learning in Optics

    Background:

    • Forked gratings are optical elements used to shape light beams.
    • High diffraction orders can interfere with desired optical functions.
    • Controlling light propagation and beam characteristics is crucial in many scientific fields.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel generalized forked grating capable of suppressing high diffraction orders.
    • To utilize a deep convolutional neural network for optimizing grating parameters.
    • To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for generating vortex beams with suppressed unwanted orders.

    Main Methods:

    • Distribution of rectangular holes within conventional forked gratings.
    • Implementation of a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for parameter reconstruction.

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  • Experimental verification of the generated helical phase structures and topological charges.
  • Main Results:

    • Achieved a 92.3% recovery rate using the neural network.
    • Reduced the 3rd order diffracted light intensity to 0.067% of the 1st order.
    • Experimentally confirmed the generation of vortex beams with specific topological charges and suppressed higher orders.

    Conclusions:

    • Generalized forked gratings effectively suppress high diffraction orders for vortex beams.
    • Deep convolutional neural networks provide an efficient method for optimizing diffractive optical elements.
    • The developed gratings show potential for applications in imaging, microscopy, and fundamental physics.