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Updated: Oct 9, 2025

Preparation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Homogenates for Nitrate and Nitrite Measurements
Published on: July 29, 2021
Dietary nitrate and nitrite and human health: a narrative review by intake source
Sotiria Kotopoulou1,2, Antonis Zampelas1,2, Emmanuella Magriplis1
1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Abstract:
Nitrate and nitrite are plant nutrients that, although ubiquitous in plant foods, are highly controversial substances in human nutrition because they are also used as additives in processed foods and may be found as contaminants in drinking water. The aim for this narrative review is to provide a thorough insight into the current literature on the relationship between dietary nitrate and nitrite and the health risks and benefits by source of intake. The results highlight beneficial effects of nitrate and nitrite consumption from plant origin on cardiovascular disease and, to date, no positive correlation has been reported with cancer. On the contrary, high intake of these compounds from processed animal-based foods is related to an increased risk of gastro-intestinal cancer. Nitrate in drinking water also raises some concern, because it appears to be related to adverse health effects. The up-to-date debate on the role of nitrate and nitrite in human nutrition seems to be justified and more research is required to verify safe consumption.
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